Physics of Time
I was watching this very interesting series of videos recently on the physics of time. Time is something that is very difficult to think about because unlike other subjects of science you can’t think about it objectively.
Even if you’re doing a mental experiment you can’t really put time in front of you and see how it operates outside of your brain. The first couple of videos they talked about some common time travel ideas and movies and exactly why from the laws of physics it would be impossible.
The first one that I thought was particularly interesting were characters that can slow down time like that one character from X-Men that can slow down time around him and he can move through the slow down time and when he goes back to normal time he is done all the stuff really quickly without anybody seeing what happened.
Can’t Trick Time
But according to the laws of physics if you did that if you slow down time all around you, you would have to slow down the movement of all the particles in the gas which would be equivalent to actually freezing everything and so you literally wouldn’t be able to move through the air around.
If you slow down time around you and you kept a bubble of normal moving time close around you and outside of your bubble of normal time the world would be absolutely solid and you wouldn’t be able to move.
Essentially the reason time moves forward is because entropy increases. Entropy must always increase. Entropy or disorder must always increase. This is the second law of thermodynamics, but the problem with this law of thermodynamics is it’s not really a law that you can derive. It’s merely something that you can observe and try to talk about and try to see why it happens but so far no one has really come up with an accurate description as to why the law of thermodynamics is the way it is.
Why Does Brain Entropy Decrease?Consumption of Energy
The only reason we can do that is we more than make up for by consuming energy. We consume energy, we take energy in a very tightly ordered compact situation and turn the energy from order into disorder and so any increase in complexity in our brains is more than made up for the fact but we consume energy which further increases entropy as the second law of thermodynamics suggests must happen.
One of the more interesting stories that talks about an interesting idea of time travel is the Once and Future King. The story was about King Arthur as a boy growing up and as he was growing up he was being mentored by Merlin the wise an old magician.
The problem was that King Arthur was growing up and going forward in time so from his perspective he was the future king. Merlin was going backwards in time and Merlin had already met the future king and so from Merlin’s perspective he was the once King because King Arthur, from Merlin’s perspective only existed in his past.
Merlin Goes Backward
Every day Merlin went forward in time his memory actually decreased because his brain was decreasing in complexity. He was going backwards in time so you have all these interesting conversations between the young future king in the old one who remembered him as the once king about how to increase his king skills.
How to become more confident. How to improve his leadership skills. To learn how to inspire other people. To learn how to increase intelligence. To learn how to increase leadership skills.
Merlin not only had to mentor Arthur to become a good king he had to remember how he was once a good King and how he kept forgetting more and more as the days went by as he became a lesser and lesser skilled magician.
Entropy Will Be Higher Tomorrow
The common question of time and why time moves forward and not backward another way to express this conundrum is why do we remember the past but why not remember the future? The only thing they can really say about the second law of thermodynamics is that time moves forward because entropy must always increase.
The only thing they can really say about the fact that entropy must increases that we only know entropy will increase because we know entropy was lower yesterday than it was today and the entropy tomorrow will be higher than it is today. They can only say this on the overall entropy of the entire universe.
One of the interesting ideas from time travel is when they started to talk about relativity, special and general relativity. According to the laws of special relativity we can only travel at the maximum speed of light which means that in any given point in time and are four dimensional space time continuum there’s only a certain amount of space that we have available to us to travel to.
Light Cone Constraints
There’s only a certain amount of space that can travel to us from the past. They represent these by these light cones. If you imagine a point on a three-dimensional graph and a cone of light emanating towards the future from that point and a reverse cone coalescing in a point from the past to that point.
These small double light cones represent all of the time all of the space that is available to come to us in all of the space that we are available to go to. So the entire universe is made up of potentially millions of these light cones.
No matter where you are in the universe, you are limited where you can go in your limited what light can reach you. Beyond the edge of your own personal light cone, the entire universe is absolutely off-limits.
Overwhelmed Or Constrained?
When you look up in the night sky and see all the stars you can choose how to respond. You can choose to feel overwhelmed by the absolute vastness of space. Or you can realize that what you’re seeing is really all that is inside of our own tiny light cone.
The vast majority of space exists outside of our light cone. In a sense you can look up in the sky and feel completely overwhelmed by the vastness or you can look up in the sky and feel absolutely constrained by our one local light cone limited by the laws of relativity.
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